Section 20
Part II, Section 9 — Liza Visits explained simply
Notes from Underground by Fyodor Dostoevsky
Original excerpt
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“Into my house come bold and free, Its rightful mistress there to be.” I stood before her crushed, crestfallen, revoltingly confused, and I believe I smiled as I did my utmost to wrap myself in the skirts of my ragged wadded dressing-gown—exactly as I had imagined the scene not long before in a fit of depression. After standing...
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“Into my house come bold and free,
Its rightful mistress there to be.”
I stood before her crushed, crestfallen, revoltingly confused, and I
believe I smiled as I did my utmost to wrap myself in the skirts of my
ragged wadded dressing-gown—exactly as I had imagined the scene not
long before in a fit of depression. After standing over us for a couple
of minutes Apollon went away, but that did not make me more at ease.
What made it worse was that she, too, was overwhelmed with confusion,
more so, in fact, than I should have expected. At the sight of me, of
course.
“Sit down,” I said mechanically, moving a chair up to the table, and I
sat down on the sofa. She obediently sat down at once and gazed at me
open-eyed, evidently expecting something from me at once. This naïveté
of expectation drove me to fury, but I restrained myself.
She ought to have tried not to notice, as though everything had been as
usual, while instead of that, she ... and I dimly felt that I should
make her pay dearly for _all this_.
“You have found me in a strange position, Liza,” I began, stammering
and knowing that this was the wrong way to begin. “No, no, don’t
imagine anything,” I cried, seeing that she had suddenly flushed. “I am
not ashamed of my poverty.... On the contrary, I look with pride on my
poverty. I am poor but honourable.... One can be poor and honourable,”
I muttered. “However ... would you like tea?....”
“No,” she was beginning.
“Wait a minute.”
I leapt up and ran to Apollon. I had to get out of the room somehow.
“Apollon,” I whispered in feverish haste, flinging down before him the
seven roubles which had remained all the time in my clenched fist,
“here are your wages, you see I give them to you; but for that you must
come to my rescue: bring me tea and a dozen rusks from the restaurant.
If you won’t go, you’ll make me a miserable man! You don’t know what
this woman is.... This is—everything! You may be imagining
something.... But you don’t know what that woman is! ...”
Apollon, who had already sat down to his work and put on his spectacles
again, at first glanced askance at the money without speaking or
putting down his needle; then, without paying the slightest attention
to me or making any answer, he went on busying himself with his needle,
which he had not yet threaded. I waited before him for three minutes
with my arms crossed _à la Napoléon_. My temples were moist with sweat.
I was pale, I felt it. But, thank God, he must have been moved to pity,
looking at me. Having threaded his needle he deliberately got up from
his seat, deliberately moved back his chair, deliberately took off his
spectacles, deliberately counted the money, and finally asking me over
his shoulder: “Shall I get a whole portion?” deliberately walked out of
the room. As I was going back to Liza, the thought occurred to me on
the way: shouldn’t I run away just as I was in my dressing-gown, no
matter where, and then let happen what would?
I sat down again. She looked at me uneasily. For some minutes we were
silent.
“I will kill him,” I shouted suddenly, striking the table with my fist
so that the ink spurted out of the inkstand.
“What are you saying!” she cried, starting.
“I will kill him! kill him!” I shrieked, suddenly striking the table in
absolute frenzy, and at the same time fully understanding how stupid it
was to be in such a frenzy. “You don’t know, Liza, what that torturer
is to me. He is my torturer.... He has gone now to fetch some rusks; he
...”
And suddenly I burst into tears. It was an hysterical attack. How
ashamed I felt in the midst of my sobs; but still I could not restrain
them.
She was frightened.
“What is the matter? What is wrong?” she cried, fussing about me.
“Water, give me water, over there!” I muttered in a faint voice, though
I was inwardly conscious that I could have got on very well without
water and without muttering in a faint voice. But I was, what is
called, _putting it on_, to save appearances, though the attack was a
genuine one.
She gave me water, looking at me in bewilderment. At that moment
Apollon brought in the tea. It suddenly seemed to me that this
commonplace, prosaic tea was horribly undignified and paltry after all
that had happened, and I blushed crimson. Liza looked at Apollon with
positive alarm. He went out without a glance at either of us.
“Liza, do you despise me?” I asked, looking at her fixedly, trembling
with impatience to know what she was thinking.
She was confused, and did not know what to answer.
“Drink your tea,” I said to her angrily. I was angry with myself, but,
of course, it was she who would have to pay for it. A horrible spite
against her suddenly surged up in my heart; I believe I could have
killed her. To revenge myself on her I swore inwardly not to say a word
to her all the time. “She is the cause of it all,” I thought.
Our silence lasted for five minutes. The tea stood on the table; we did
not touch it. I had got to the point of purposely refraining from
beginning in order to embarrass her further; it was awkward for her to
begin alone. Several times she glanced at me with mournful perplexity.
I was obstinately silent. I was, of course, myself the chief sufferer,
because I was fully conscious of the disgusting meanness of my spiteful
stupidity, and yet at the same time I could not restrain myself.
“I want to... get away ... from there altogether,” she began, to break
the silence in some way, but, poor girl, that was just what she ought
not to have spoken about at such a stupid moment to a man so stupid as
I was. My heart positively ached with pity for her tactless and
unnecessary straightforwardness. But something hideous at once stifled
all compassion in me; it even provoked me to greater venom. I did not
care what happened. Another five minutes passed.
“Perhaps I am in your way,” she began timidly, hardly audibly, and was
getting up.
But as soon as I saw this first impulse of wounded dignity I positively
trembled with spite, and at once burst out.
“Why have you come to me, tell me that, please?” I began, gasping for
breath and regardless of logical connection in my words. I longed to
have it all out at once, at one burst; I did not even trouble how to
begin. “Why have you come? Answer, answer,” I cried, hardly knowing
what I was doing. “I’ll tell you, my good girl, why you have come.
You’ve come because I talked sentimental stuff to you then. So now you
are soft as butter and longing for fine sentiments again. So you may as
well know that I was laughing at you then. And I am laughing at you
now. Why are you shuddering? Yes, I was laughing at you! I had been
insulted just before, at dinner, by the fellows who came that evening
before me. I came to you, meaning to thrash one of them, an officer;
but I didn’t succeed, I didn’t find him; I had to avenge the insult on
someone to get back my own again; you turned up, I vented my spleen on
you and laughed at you. I had been humiliated, so I wanted to
humiliate; I had been treated like a rag, so I wanted to show my
power.... That’s what it was, and you imagined I had come there on
purpose to save you. Yes? You imagined that? You imagined that?”
I knew that she would perhaps be muddled and not take it all in
exactly, but I knew, too, that she would grasp the gist of it, very
well indeed. And so, indeed, she did. She turned white as a
handkerchief, tried to say something, and her lips worked painfully;
but she sank on a chair as though she had been felled by an axe. And
all the time afterwards she listened to me with her lips parted and her
eyes wide open, shuddering with awful terror. The cynicism, the
cynicism of my words overwhelmed her....
“Save you!” I went on, jumping up from my chair and running up and down
the room before her. “Save you from what? But perhaps I am worse than
you myself. Why didn’t you throw it in my teeth when I was giving you
that sermon: ‘But what did you come here yourself for? was it to read
us a sermon?’ Power, power was what I wanted then, sport was what I
wanted, I wanted to wring out your tears, your humiliation, your
hysteria—that was what I wanted then! Of course, I couldn’t keep it up
then, because I am a wretched creature, I was frightened, and, the
devil knows why, gave you my address in my folly. Afterwards, before I
got home, I was cursing and swearing at you because of that address, I
hated you already because of the lies I had told you. Because I only
like playing with words, only dreaming, but, do you know, what I really
want is that you should all go to hell. That is what I want. I want
peace; yes, I’d sell the whole world for a farthing, straight off, so
long as I was left in peace. Is the world to go to pot, or am I to go
without my tea? I say that the world may go to pot for me so long as I
always get my tea. Did you know that, or not? Well, anyway, I know that
I am a blackguard, a scoundrel, an egoist, a sluggard. Here I have been
shuddering for the last three days at the thought of your coming. And
do you know what has worried me particularly for these three days? That
I posed as such a hero to you, and now you would see me in a wretched
torn dressing-gown, beggarly, loathsome. I told you just now that I was
not ashamed of my poverty; so you may as well know that I am ashamed of
it; I am more ashamed of it than of anything, more afraid of it than of
being found out if I were a thief, because I am as vain as though I had
been skinned and the very air blowing on me hurt. Surely by now you
must realise that I shall never forgive you for having found me in this
wretched dressing-gown, just as I was flying at Apollon like a spiteful
cur. The saviour, the former hero, was flying like a mangy, unkempt
sheep-dog at his lackey, and the lackey was jeering at him! And I shall
never forgive you for the tears I could not help shedding before you
just now, like some silly woman put to shame! And for what I am
confessing to you now, I shall never forgive you either! Yes—you must
answer for it all because you turned up like this, because I am a
blackguard, because I am the nastiest, stupidest, absurdest and most
envious of all the worms on earth, who are not a bit better than I am,
but, the devil knows why, are never put to confusion; while I shall
always be insulted by every louse, that is my doom! And what is it to
me that you don’t understand a word of this! And what do I care, what
do I care about you, and whether you go to ruin there or not? Do you
understand? How I shall hate you now after saying this, for having been
here and listening. Why, it’s not once in a lifetime a man speaks out
like this, and then it is in hysterics! ... What more do you want? Why
do you still stand confronting me, after all this? Why are you worrying
me? Why don’t you go?”
But at this point a strange thing happened. I was so accustomed to
think and imagine everything from books, and to picture everything in
the world to myself just as I had made it up in my dreams beforehand,
that I could not all at once take in this strange circumstance. What
happened was this: Liza, insulted and crushed by me, understood a great
deal more than I imagined. She understood from all this what a woman
understands first of all, if she feels genuine love, that is, that I
was myself unhappy.
The frightened and wounded expression on her face was followed first by
a look of sorrowful perplexity. When I began calling myself a scoundrel
and a blackguard and my tears flowed (the tirade was accompanied
throughout by tears) her whole face worked convulsively. She was on the
point of getting up and stopping me; when I finished she took no notice
of my shouting: “Why are you here, why don’t you go away?” but realised
only that it must have been very bitter to me to say all this. Besides,
she was so crushed, poor girl; she considered herself infinitely
beneath me; how could she feel anger or resentment? She suddenly leapt
up from her chair with an irresistible impulse and held out her hands,
yearning towards me, though still timid and not daring to stir.... At
this point there was a revulsion in my heart too. Then she suddenly
rushed to me, threw her arms round me and burst into tears. I, too,
could not restrain myself, and sobbed as I never had before.
“They won’t let me ... I can’t be good!” I managed to articulate; then
I went to the sofa, fell on it face downwards, and sobbed on it for a
quarter of an hour in genuine hysterics. She came close to me, put her
arms round me and stayed motionless in that position. But the trouble
was that the hysterics could not go on for ever, and (I am writing the
loathsome truth) lying face downwards on the sofa with my face thrust
into my nasty leather pillow, I began by degrees to be aware of a
far-away, involuntary but irresistible feeling that it would be awkward
now for me to raise my head and look Liza straight in the face. Why was
I ashamed? I don’t know, but I was ashamed. The thought, too, came into
my overwrought brain that our parts now were completely changed, that
she was now the heroine, while I was just a crushed and humiliated
creature as she had been before me that night—four days before.... And
all this came into my mind during the minutes I was lying on my face on
the sofa.
My God! surely I was not envious of her then.
I don’t know, to this day I cannot decide, and at the time, of course,
I was still less able to understand what I was feeling than now. I
cannot get on without domineering and tyrannising over someone, but ...
there is no explaining anything by reasoning and so it is useless to
reason.
I conquered myself, however, and raised my head; I had to do so sooner
or later ... and I am convinced to this day that it was just because I
was ashamed to look at her that another feeling was suddenly kindled
and flamed up in my heart ... a feeling of mastery and possession. My
eyes gleamed with passion, and I gripped her hands tightly. How I hated
her and how I was drawn to her at that minute! The one feeling
intensified the other. It was almost like an act of vengeance. At first
there was a look of amazement, even of terror on her face, but only for
one instant. She warmly and rapturously embraced me.
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What happens here
Liza comes to him, sees his humiliation, and offers compassion, but he lashes out and tries to regain power over her.
Why this scene matters
This is the emotional climax. He cannot accept love without turning it into domination and shame.
Characters in this scene
- The younger underground man: Unable to receive compassion.
- Liza: Responding with genuine pity and care.
- Apollon: Part of the humiliating background.
Simple story version
Liza visits and sees him at his worst. She responds kindly, but he becomes cruel because her kindness makes him feel exposed.