Section 12
Chapter 12 explained simply
The Sea-Wolf by Jack London
Original excerpt
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The last twenty-four hours have witnessed a carnival of brutality. From cabin to forecastle it seems to have broken out like a contagion. I scarcely know where to begin. Wolf Larsen was really the cause of it. The relations among the men, strained and made tense by feuds, quarrels and grudges, were...
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The last twenty-four hours have witnessed a carnival of brutality. From
cabin to forecastle it seems to have broken out like a contagion. I
scarcely know where to begin. Wolf Larsen was really the cause of it.
The relations among the men, strained and made tense by feuds, quarrels
and grudges, were in a state of unstable equilibrium, and evil passions
flared up in flame like prairie-grass.
Thomas Mugridge is a sneak, a spy, an informer. He has been attempting
to curry favour and reinstate himself in the good graces of the captain
by carrying tales of the men forward. He it was, I know, that carried
some of Johnson’s hasty talk to Wolf Larsen. Johnson, it seems, bought a
suit of oilskins from the slop-chest and found them to be of greatly
inferior quality. Nor was he slow in advertising the fact. The
slop-chest is a sort of miniature dry-goods store which is carried by all
sealing schooners and which is stocked with articles peculiar to the
needs of the sailors. Whatever a sailor purchases is taken from his
subsequent earnings on the sealing grounds; for, as it is with the
hunters so it is with the boat-pullers and steerers—in the place of wages
they receive a "lay," a rate of so much per skin for every skin captured
in their particular boat.
But of Johnson’s grumbling at the slop-chest I knew nothing, so that what
I witnessed came with a shock of sudden surprise. I had just finished
sweeping the cabin, and had been inveigled by Wolf Larsen into a
discussion of Hamlet, his favourite Shakespearian character, when
Johansen descended the companion stairs followed by Johnson. The
latter’s cap came off after the custom of the sea, and he stood
respectfully in the centre of the cabin, swaying heavily and uneasily to
the roll of the schooner and facing the captain.
"Shut the doors and draw the slide," Wolf Larsen said to me.
As I obeyed I noticed an anxious light come into Johnson’s eyes, but I
did not dream of its cause. I did not dream of what was to occur until
it did occur, but he knew from the very first what was coming and awaited
it bravely. And in his action I found complete refutation of all Wolf
Larsen’s materialism. The sailor Johnson was swayed by idea, by
principle, and truth, and sincerity. He was right, he knew he was right,
and he was unafraid. He would die for the right if needs be, he would be
true to himself, sincere with his soul. And in this was portrayed the
victory of the spirit over the flesh, the indomitability and moral
grandeur of the soul that knows no restriction and rises above time and
space and matter with a surety and invincibleness born of nothing else
than eternity and immortality.
But to return. I noticed the anxious light in Johnson’s eyes, but
mistook it for the native shyness and embarrassment of the man. The
mate, Johansen, stood away several feet to the side of him, and fully
three yards in front of him sat Wolf Larsen on one of the pivotal cabin
chairs. An appreciable pause fell after I had closed the doors and drawn
the slide, a pause that must have lasted fully a minute. It was broken
by Wolf Larsen.
"Yonson," he began.
"My name is Johnson, sir," the sailor boldly corrected.
"Well, Johnson, then, damn you! Can you guess why I have sent for you?"
"Yes, and no, sir," was the slow reply. "My work is done well. The mate
knows that, and you know it, sir. So there cannot be any complaint."
"And is that all?" Wolf Larsen queried, his voice soft, and low, and
purring.
"I know you have it in for me," Johnson continued with his unalterable
and ponderous slowness. "You do not like me. You—you—"
"Go on," Wolf Larsen prompted. "Don’t be afraid of my feelings."
"I am not afraid," the sailor retorted, a slight angry flush rising
through his sunburn. "If I speak not fast, it is because I have not been
from the old country as long as you. You do not like me because I am too
much of a man; that is why, sir."
"You are too much of a man for ship discipline, if that is what you mean,
and if you know what I mean," was Wolf Larsen’s retort.
"I know English, and I know what you mean, sir," Johnson answered, his
flush deepening at the slur on his knowledge of the English language.
"Johnson," Wolf Larsen said, with an air of dismissing all that had gone
before as introductory to the main business in hand, "I understand you’re
not quite satisfied with those oilskins?"
"No, I am not. They are no good, sir."
"And you’ve been shooting off your mouth about them."
"I say what I think, sir," the sailor answered courageously, not failing
at the same time in ship courtesy, which demanded that "sir" be appended
to each speech he made.
It was at this moment that I chanced to glance at Johansen. His big
fists were clenching and unclenching, and his face was positively
fiendish, so malignantly did he look at Johnson. I noticed a black
discoloration, still faintly visible, under Johansen’s eye, a mark of the
thrashing he had received a few nights before from the sailor. For the
first time I began to divine that something terrible was about to be
enacted,—what, I could not imagine.
"Do you know what happens to men who say what you’ve said about my
slop-chest and me?" Wolf Larsen was demanding.
"I know, sir," was the answer.
"What?" Wolf Larsen demanded, sharply and imperatively.
"What you and the mate there are going to do to me, sir."
"Look at him, Hump," Wolf Larsen said to me, "look at this bit of
animated dust, this aggregation of matter that moves and breathes and
defies me and thoroughly believes itself to be compounded of something
good; that is impressed with certain human fictions such as righteousness
and honesty, and that will live up to them in spite of all personal
discomforts and menaces. What do you think of him, Hump? What do you
think of him?"
"I think that he is a better man than you are," I answered, impelled,
somehow, with a desire to draw upon myself a portion of the wrath I felt
was about to break upon his head. "His human fictions, as you choose to
call them, make for nobility and manhood. You have no fictions, no
dreams, no ideals. You are a pauper."
He nodded his head with a savage pleasantness. "Quite true, Hump, quite
true. I have no fictions that make for nobility and manhood. A living
dog is better than a dead lion, say I with the Preacher. My only
doctrine is the doctrine of expediency, and it makes for surviving. This
bit of the ferment we call ’Johnson,’ when he is no longer a bit of the
ferment, only dust and ashes, will have no more nobility than any dust
and ashes, while I shall still be alive and roaring."
"Do you know what I am going to do?" he questioned.
I shook my head.
"Well, I am going to exercise my prerogative of roaring and show you how
fares nobility. Watch me."
Three yards away from Johnson he was, and sitting down. Nine feet! And
yet he left the chair in full leap, without first gaining a standing
position. He left the chair, just as he sat in it, squarely, springing
from the sitting posture like a wild animal, a tiger, and like a tiger
covered the intervening space. It was an avalanche of fury that Johnson
strove vainly to fend off. He threw one arm down to protect the stomach,
the other arm up to protect the head; but Wolf Larsen’s fist drove midway
between, on the chest, with a crushing, resounding impact. Johnson’s
breath, suddenly expelled, shot from his mouth and as suddenly checked,
with the forced, audible expiration of a man wielding an axe. He almost
fell backward, and swayed from side to side in an effort to recover his
balance.
I cannot give the further particulars of the horrible scene that
followed. It was too revolting. It turns me sick even now when I think
of it. Johnson fought bravely enough, but he was no match for Wolf
Larsen, much less for Wolf Larsen and the mate. It was frightful. I had
not imagined a human being could endure so much and still live and
struggle on. And struggle on Johnson did. Of course there was no hope
for him, not the slightest, and he knew it as well as I, but by the
manhood that was in him he could not cease from fighting for that
manhood.
It was too much for me to witness. I felt that I should lose my mind,
and I ran up the companion stairs to open the doors and escape on deck.
But Wolf Larsen, leaving his victim for the moment, and with one of his
tremendous springs, gained my side and flung me into the far corner of
the cabin.
"The phenomena of life, Hump," he girded at me. "Stay and watch it. You
may gather data on the immortality of the soul. Besides, you know, we
can’t hurt Johnson’s soul. It’s only the fleeting form we may demolish."
It seemed centuries—possibly it was no more than ten minutes that the
beating continued. Wolf Larsen and Johansen were all about the poor
fellow. They struck him with their fists, kicked him with their heavy
shoes, knocked him down, and dragged him to his feet to knock him down
again. His eyes were blinded so that he could not see, and the blood
running from ears and nose and mouth turned the cabin into a shambles.
And when he could no longer rise they still continued to beat and kick
him where he lay.
"Easy, Johansen; easy as she goes," Wolf Larsen finally said.
But the beast in the mate was up and rampant, and Wolf Larsen was
compelled to brush him away with a back-handed sweep of the arm, gentle
enough, apparently, but which hurled Johansen back like a cork, driving
his head against the wall with a crash. He fell to the floor, half
stunned for the moment, breathing heavily and blinking his eyes in a
stupid sort of way.
"Jerk open the doors, Hump," I was commanded.
I obeyed, and the two brutes picked up the senseless man like a sack of
rubbish and hove him clear up the companion stairs, through the narrow
doorway, and out on deck. The blood from his nose gushed in a scarlet
stream over the feet of the helmsman, who was none other than Louis, his
boat-mate. But Louis took and gave a spoke and gazed imperturbably into
the binnacle.
Not so was the conduct of George Leach, the erstwhile cabin-boy. Fore
and aft there was nothing that could have surprised us more than his
consequent behaviour. He it was that came up on the poop without orders
and dragged Johnson forward, where he set about dressing his wounds as
well as he could and making him comfortable. Johnson, as Johnson, was
unrecognizable; and not only that, for his features, as human features at
all, were unrecognizable, so discoloured and swollen had they become in
the few minutes which had elapsed between the beginning of the beating
and the dragging forward of the body.
But of Leach’s behaviour—By the time I had finished cleansing the cabin
he had taken care of Johnson. I had come up on deck for a breath of
fresh air and to try to get some repose for my overwrought nerves. Wolf
Larsen was smoking a cigar and examining the patent log which the _Ghost_
usually towed astern, but which had been hauled in for some purpose.
Suddenly Leach’s voice came to my ears. It was tense and hoarse with an
overmastering rage. I turned and saw him standing just beneath the break
of the poop on the port side of the galley. His face was convulsed and
white, his eyes were flashing, his clenched fists raised overhead.
"May God damn your soul to hell, Wolf Larsen, only hell’s too good for
you, you coward, you murderer, you pig!" was his opening salutation.
I was thunderstruck. I looked for his instant annihilation. But it was
not Wolf Larsen’s whim to annihilate him. He sauntered slowly forward to
the break of the poop, and, leaning his elbow on the corner of the cabin,
gazed down thoughtfully and curiously at the excited boy.
And the boy indicted Wolf Larsen as he had never been indicted before.
The sailors assembled in a fearful group just outside the forecastle
scuttle and watched and listened. The hunters piled pell-mell out of the
steerage, but as Leach’s tirade continued I saw that there was no levity
in their faces. Even they were frightened, not at the boy’s terrible
words, but at his terrible audacity. It did not seem possible that any
living creature could thus beard Wolf Larsen in his teeth. I know for
myself that I was shocked into admiration of the boy, and I saw in him
the splendid invincibleness of immortality rising above the flesh and the
fears of the flesh, as in the prophets of old, to condemn
unrighteousness.
And such condemnation! He haled forth Wolf Larsen’s soul naked to the
scorn of men. He rained upon it curses from God and High Heaven, and
withered it with a heat of invective that savoured of a mediæval
excommunication of the Catholic Church. He ran the gamut of
denunciation, rising to heights of wrath that were sublime and almost
Godlike, and from sheer exhaustion sinking to the vilest and most
indecent abuse.
His rage was a madness. His lips were flecked with a soapy froth, and
sometimes he choked and gurgled and became inarticulate. And through it
all, calm and impassive, leaning on his elbow and gazing down, Wolf
Larsen seemed lost in a great curiosity. This wild stirring of yeasty
life, this terrific revolt and defiance of matter that moved, perplexed
and interested him.
Each moment I looked, and everybody looked, for him to leap upon the boy
and destroy him. But it was not his whim. His cigar went out, and he
continued to gaze silently and curiously.
Leach had worked himself into an ecstasy of impotent rage.
"Pig! Pig! Pig!" he was reiterating at the top of his lungs. "Why
don’t you come down and kill me, you murderer? You can do it! I ain’t
afraid! There’s no one to stop you! Damn sight better dead and outa
your reach than alive and in your clutches! Come on, you coward! Kill
me! Kill me! Kill me!"
It was at this stage that Thomas Mugridge’s erratic soul brought him into
the scene. He had been listening at the galley door, but he now came
out, ostensibly to fling some scraps over the side, but obviously to see
the killing he was certain would take place. He smirked greasily up into
the face of Wolf Larsen, who seemed not to see him. But the Cockney was
unabashed, though mad, stark mad. He turned to Leach, saying:
"Such langwidge! Shockin’!"
Leach’s rage was no longer impotent. Here at last was something ready to
hand. And for the first time since the stabbing the Cockney had appeared
outside the galley without his knife. The words had barely left his
mouth when he was knocked down by Leach. Three times he struggled to his
feet, striving to gain the galley, and each time was knocked down.
"Oh, Lord!" he cried. "’Elp! ’Elp! Tyke ’im aw’y, carn’t yer? Tyke
’im aw’y!"
The hunters laughed from sheer relief. Tragedy had dwindled, the farce
had begun. The sailors now crowded boldly aft, grinning and shuffling,
to watch the pummelling of the hated Cockney. And even I felt a great
joy surge up within me. I confess that I delighted in this beating Leach
was giving to Thomas Mugridge, though it was as terrible, almost, as the
one Mugridge had caused to be given to Johnson. But the expression of
Wolf Larsen’s face never changed. He did not change his position either,
but continued to gaze down with a great curiosity. For all his pragmatic
certitude, it seemed as if he watched the play and movement of life in
the hope of discovering something more about it, of discerning in its
maddest writhings a something which had hitherto escaped him,—the key to
its mystery, as it were, which would make all clear and plain.
But the beating! It was quite similar to the one I had witnessed in the
cabin. The Cockney strove in vain to protect himself from the infuriated
boy. And in vain he strove to gain the shelter of the cabin. He rolled
toward it, grovelled toward it, fell toward it when he was knocked down.
But blow followed blow with bewildering rapidity. He was knocked about
like a shuttlecock, until, finally, like Johnson, he was beaten and
kicked as he lay helpless on the deck. And no one interfered. Leach
could have killed him, but, having evidently filled the measure of his
vengeance, he drew away from his prostrate foe, who was whimpering and
wailing in a puppyish sort of way, and walked forward.
But these two affairs were only the opening events of the day’s
programme. In the afternoon Smoke and Henderson fell foul of each other,
and a fusillade of shots came up from the steerage, followed by a
stampede of the other four hunters for the deck. A column of thick,
acrid smoke—the kind always made by black powder—was arising through the
open companion-way, and down through it leaped Wolf Larsen. The sound of
blows and scuffling came to our ears. Both men were wounded, and he was
thrashing them both for having disobeyed his orders and crippled
themselves in advance of the hunting season. In fact, they were badly
wounded, and, having thrashed them, he proceeded to operate upon them in
a rough surgical fashion and to dress their wounds. I served as
assistant while he probed and cleansed the passages made by the bullets,
and I saw the two men endure his crude surgery without anæsthetics and
with no more to uphold them than a stiff tumbler of whisky.
Then, in the first dog-watch, trouble came to a head in the forecastle.
It took its rise out of the tittle-tattle and tale-bearing which had been
the cause of Johnson’s beating, and from the noise we heard, and from the
sight of the bruised men next day, it was patent that half the forecastle
had soundly drubbed the other half.
The second dog-watch and the day were wound up by a fight between
Johansen and the lean, Yankee-looking hunter, Latimer. It was caused by
remarks of Latimer’s concerning the noises made by the mate in his sleep,
and though Johansen was whipped, he kept the steerage awake for the rest
of the night while he blissfully slumbered and fought the fight over and
over again.
As for myself, I was oppressed with nightmare. The day had been like
some horrible dream. Brutality had followed brutality, and flaming
passions and cold-blooded cruelty had driven men to seek one another’s
lives, and to strive to hurt, and maim, and destroy. My nerves were
shocked. My mind itself was shocked. All my days had been passed in
comparative ignorance of the animality of man. In fact, I had known life
only in its intellectual phases. Brutality I had experienced, but it was
the brutality of the intellect—the cutting sarcasm of Charley Furuseth,
the cruel epigrams and occasional harsh witticisms of the fellows at the
Bibelot, and the nasty remarks of some of the professors during my
undergraduate days.
That was all. But that men should wreak their anger on others by the
bruising of the flesh and the letting of blood was something strangely
and fearfully new to me. Not for nothing had I been called "Sissy" Van
Weyden, I thought, as I tossed restlessly on my bunk between one
nightmare and another. And it seemed to me that my innocence of the
realities of life had been complete indeed. I laughed bitterly to
myself, and seemed to find in Wolf Larsen’s forbidding philosophy a more
adequate explanation of life than I found in my own.
And I was frightened when I became conscious of the trend of my thought.
The continual brutality around me was degenerative in its effect. It bid
fair to destroy for me all that was best and brightest in life. My
reason dictated that the beating Thomas Mugridge had received was an ill
thing, and yet for the life of me I could not prevent my soul joying in
it. And even while I was oppressed by the enormity of my sin,—for sin it
was,—I chuckled with an insane delight. I was no longer Humphrey Van
Weyden. I was Hump, cabin-boy on the schooner _Ghost_. Wolf Larsen was
my captain, Thomas Mugridge and the rest were my companions, and I was
receiving repeated impresses from the die which had stamped them all.
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What happens here
Chapter 12 continues The Sea-Wolf, focusing on survival, violence, willpower, civilization, work, fear, and moral endurance. The chapter moves the reader through a specific pressure, choice, or change in the story.
Why this scene matters
This section matters because it shows one part of The Sea-Wolf's larger pattern: survival, violence, willpower, civilization, work, fear, and moral endurance. Reading the situation first makes the older prose easier to follow.
Characters in this scene
- Main characters: The people whose choices carry this part of The Sea-Wolf.
- Family or social world: The relationships, class pressures, rules, or expectations shaping the chapter.
- Narrative pressure: The conflict, secret, desire, or consequence that keeps this section moving.